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# VoiceAssist Web App - Accessibility Audit & Improvements

**Date**: 2025-11-23
**Target**: WCAG 2.1 Level AA Compliance
**Status**: In Progress

## Executive Summary

This document tracks accessibility improvements for the VoiceAssist web application to achieve WCAG 2.1 Level AA compliance.

## Current Status

### ✅ Already Implemented

- Semantic HTML structure
- Some ARIA labels on interactive elements
- Keyboard navigation for chat input (Enter/Shift+Enter)
- Focus management in dialogs
- Skip-to-content patterns via React Router

### ⚠️ Needs Improvement

1. **Keyboard Navigation** - Incomplete focus management
2. **ARIA Labels** - Missing on some interactive elements
3. **Color Contrast** - Not verified against WCAG standards
4. **Screen Reader Support** - Limited live region announcements
5. **Focus Indicators** - Could be more prominent
6. **Touch Targets** - Some buttons may be too small (< 44x44px)

---

## Detailed Audit

### 1. Keyboard Navigation

#### Issues:

- ❌ No skip navigation link
- ❌ Focus trap not implemented in all modals
- ⚠️ Tab order may not be logical in complex layouts
- ⚠️ Keyboard shortcuts need documentation

#### Improvements Needed:

```tsx
// Add skip navigation
<a href="#main-content" className="sr-only focus:not-sr-only">
  Skip to main content
</a>

// Ensure all modals have focus trap
// Use react-focus-lock or similar
```

### 2. ARIA Labels and Roles

#### Missing ARIA Labels:

- ❌ Message list needs `aria-live` for new messages
- ❌ Typing indicator needs `aria-live="polite"`
- ❌ File upload progress needs `aria-valuenow`, `aria-valuemin`, `aria-valuemax`
- ⚠️ Some icon buttons missing descriptive labels

#### Improvements:

```tsx
// Message streaming
<div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
  {isTyping && <p>Assistant is typing...</p>}
</div>

// File upload progress
<div
  role="progressbar"
  aria-valuenow={progress}
  aria-valuemin={0}
  aria-valuemax={100}
  aria-label="File upload progress"
>
  {progress}%
</div>
```

### 3. Color Contrast

#### Areas to Verify:

- [ ] Primary buttons (bg-primary-500 with white text)
- [ ] Secondary/ghost buttons
- [ ] Placeholder text in inputs
- [ ] Disabled state indicators
- [ ] Link colors against backgrounds
- [ ] Citation badges and tags
- [ ] Clinical context form labels

#### Tool: Use Lighthouse or axe DevTools

**Required Ratios (WCAG AA):**

- Normal text: 4.5:1
- Large text (18pt+): 3:1
- UI components: 3:1

### 4. Screen Reader Support

#### Issues:

- ❌ No announcement when new message arrives
- ❌ File upload success/error not announced
- ❌ Citation sidebar opening not announced
- ⚠️ Form validation errors need better association

#### Improvements:

```tsx
// Add live region for announcements
const [announcement, setAnnouncement] = useState("");

// Announce new messages
useEffect(() => {
  if (newMessage && newMessage.role === "assistant") {
    setAnnouncement(`New message from assistant: ${newMessage.content.substring(0, 100)}`);
  }
}, [newMessage]);

<div role="status" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" className="sr-only">
  {announcement}
</div>;
```

### 5. Forms and Inputs

#### Issues:

- ⚠️ Some labels not properly associated with inputs
- ❌ Error messages not linked with `aria-describedby`
- ⚠️ Required fields not marked with `aria-required`

#### Improvements:

```tsx
// Proper form field association
<label htmlFor="patient-age" className="...">
  Age <span aria-label="required">*</span>
</label>
<input
  id="patient-age"
  type="number"
  aria-required="true"
  aria-invalid={errors.age ? "true" : "false"}
  aria-describedby={errors.age ? "age-error" : undefined}
/>
{errors.age && (
  <span id="age-error" role="alert" className="...">
    {errors.age}
  </span>
)}
```

### 6. Focus Management

#### Issues:

- ⚠️ Focus outline could be more prominent
- ❌ Focus not restored when closing modals
- ❌ Focus not moved to first element in modals

#### Improvements:

```css
/* Enhanced focus indicators */
*:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary-500);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* High contrast focus for critical elements */
button:focus-visible,
a:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--color-primary-500);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
```

```tsx
// Focus management in modals
useEffect(() => {
  if (isOpen) {
    const previouslyFocused = document.activeElement as HTMLElement;
    const firstFocusable = dialogRef.current?.querySelector(
      'button, [href], input, select, textarea, [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])',
    ) as HTMLElement;

    firstFocusable?.focus();

    return () => {
      previouslyFocused?.focus();
    };
  }
}, [isOpen]);
```

### 7. Semantic HTML

#### Current Status: ✅ Good

- Using proper heading hierarchy (h1, h2, h3)
- Lists use `<ul>`, `<ol>`, `<li>`
- Buttons use `<button>` (not divs)
- Links use `<a>` tags

#### Minor Improvements:

- Add `<main>` landmark
- Add `<nav>` for navigation areas
- Add `<aside>` for sidebars
- Add `<article>` for message bubbles

### 8. Images and Media

#### Issues:

- ⚠️ Some SVG icons may lack proper titles
- ❌ File preview images need alt text

#### Improvements:

```tsx
// SVG with title
<svg aria-labelledby="icon-title" role="img">
  <title id="icon-title">Settings</title>
  <path d="..." />
</svg>

// Image preview
<img
  src={preview.url}
  alt={`Preview of uploaded file: ${file.name}`}
  loading="lazy"
/>
```

### 9. Mobile/Touch Accessibility

#### Issues:

- ⚠️ Touch targets should be minimum 44x44px
- ❌ No gesture alternatives for swipe actions

#### Verify Sizes:

- [ ] Header buttons
- [ ] Conversation list items
- [ ] Message action buttons
- [ ] Sidebar toggles

---

## Implementation Plan

### Phase 1: Critical (High Priority)

1. Add skip navigation link
2. Fix missing ARIA labels on icon buttons
3. Implement live regions for dynamic content
4. Add focus trap to all dialogs
5. Verify and fix color contrast issues

### Phase 2: Important (Medium Priority)

6. Enhance focus indicators
7. Add screen reader announcements
8. Improve form error handling
9. Add proper alt text to images
10. Ensure touch targets are 44x44px minimum

### Phase 3: Enhancement (Low Priority)

11. Add keyboard shortcut help (already have dialog)
12. Add skip links between major sections
13. Implement reduced motion preferences
14. Add high contrast mode support

---

## Testing Strategy

### Manual Testing:

1. **Keyboard Only** - Navigate entire app without mouse
2. **Screen Reader** - Test with NVDA/JAWS (Windows) or VoiceOver (Mac)
3. **Zoom** - Test at 200% zoom (WCAG requirement)
4. **Color Blindness** - Use simulators to test color dependency

### Automated Testing:

1. **Lighthouse** - Run accessibility audit
2. **axe DevTools** - Browser extension scan
3. **WAVE** - Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool
4. **pa11y** - CI/CD integration

### Tools:

```bash
# Install axe-core for testing
npm install --save-dev @axe-core/react

# Add to app entry point (dev only)
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
  import('@axe-core/react').then(axe => {
    axe.default(React, ReactDOM, 1000);
  });
}
```

---

## Success Criteria

### Must Have (WCAG AA):

- [ ] All interactive elements keyboard accessible
- [ ] All images have alt text
- [ ] Color contrast ratios meet 4.5:1 (text) and 3:1 (UI)
- [ ] Form inputs have labels
- [ ] Error messages are associated with fields
- [ ] Headings form logical hierarchy
- [ ] Skip navigation available
- [ ] Focus indicators visible
- [ ] Live regions for dynamic content

### Nice to Have (WCAG AAA / Best Practices):

- [ ] Color contrast 7:1 for text
- [ ] Comprehensive keyboard shortcuts
- [ ] Reduced motion support
- [ ] High contrast mode
- [ ] Text spacing adjustable
- [ ] Help documentation

---

## Resources

- [WCAG 2.1 Guidelines](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/)
- [MDN Accessibility](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility)
- [WebAIM Checklist](https://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist)
- [A11y Project](https://www.a11yproject.com/)
- [Inclusive Components](https://inclusive-components.design/)

---

**Next Steps**: Implement Phase 1 critical improvements and run automated testing.
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